Secondary Storage

File compression

is commonly used when sending a file from a computer to another over a connection that has limited bandwidth. The compression basically makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is so fast. Of course, when compressing a file and sending it to another computer that computer has to have a program that will decompress the file so it can be returned to "normal" and used.

A head crash

A head crash is a hard-disk failure that happened when a read–write head of a hard disk drive comes in contact with its rotating platter, resulting in permanent and usually fatal damage to the magnetic media on the platter surface. When this happens, you usually lose much of the data on the hard disk and will need to replace both the head and the disk. For this reason, it is so important to operate disk drives, particularly hard disk drives, in as clear environment as possible. Even smoke particles can cause a head crash.

Internet hard drive

The purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files (pictures, documents, music, etc.) from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. Similar to depositing money into your bank account, and later withdrawing that same money from any ATM machine, an Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.

Optical Disc Drive

An optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses a kind of light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders. Recorders are sometimes called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, andBlu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

Solid state storage

Solid state storage(SSS) is a method of data storage accomplished by using 

integrated circuit devices to store data rather than moving magnetic or optical 

media. SSS is typically non-volatile and may take various forms, such as a solid 

state drive, solid state card or solid state module. In addition, SSS includes 

PATA 

(legacy), SATA, SAS, Fibre Channel or PCIe interface options.

Input and Output

ergonomic keyboard

keyboard that separates the keys into two parts shaped like a wide "V." Some keyboards have a fixed layout, while others are movable. To the touch typist, the layout feels odd at first, but it puts less stress on the hands and wrist and winds up being comfortable for allot of people.

An inkjet printer

is a type of computer printer that creates a digital picture by propelling variable-sized droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer no a days and range from small inexpensive consumer models to a large professional machines.

A laser printer

is a printer that uses a focused light to transfer the text and image onto paper. Though contrary to popular belief, the laser does not actually burn the images onto the paper. Instead, as paper passes through the printer, the laser beam fires at the surface of a cylindrical drum called a photoreceptor. This drum has an electrical charge (typically positive), that is reversed in areas where the laser beam hits it. By reversing the charge in certain areas of the drum, the laser beam can print patterns (such as text and pictures) onto the photo receptor.

MICR

(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) This machine recognition of numeric data printed with magnetically charged ink. It is used on most banks checks and deposit slips. MICR readers detect the characters and convert them into digital data. Although optical methods (OCR) became as sophisticated as the early MICR technology, magnetic ink is still used. It serves as a deterrent to fraud, because a photocopied check will not be printed with magnetic ink.

OCR ( optical-character recognition)

its an application software that allows a computer to recognize printed or written characters, e.g., messages numbers, punctuation marks, and pictograms using an optical scanner for input. Optical mark recognition (OMR) also employs an optical scanner, but does not employ a character recognition engine.

OMR( optical-mark recognition)

The operation of gathering data with an optical scanner by measuring the reflectivity of light at predetermined positions on a surface. OMR differs from optical character recognition (OCR), which requires a recognition engine in order to make sense of written characters.

The system unit

Flash memory

Flash memory refers to particular type of EEPROM, or Electronically Erasable Programmable that only read memory. It is a memory chip that maintains stored information without requiring a power source. It is often used in portable electronics, like MP3 players for songs, and in removable storage devices to save documents and files.

Graphics card

 Is a device installed in a computer that consists of a graphics processing unit designed to help process and show images, especially 3D graphics. Graphics cards help take the processing strain off the main processor, and can contain their own memory to take the strain off the system RAM.

Sound Card

An expansion board that makes the computer to manipulate and output sounds. Also sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers. Sound cards enable the computer to output sound through speakers connected to the board, to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer, and manipulate sound stored on a disk.



Network Interface Card (NTC)

Network Interface Card often abbreviated as NIC,it is  a board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network in the computer. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, although some can serve multiple networks.

Plug and Play

In the world of computing,plug and play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a universal serial number, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.Plug and play refers to both the boot-time assignment of device resources, and to hot plug systems such as USB and Firewire.

Busline

It is like a multi-lane pathway which allow the data to be transfered along the bus. It is the communicating electronic lines that connect different parts of the CPU to various other part

HDMI

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is a specification that contain video and audio into a single digital interface for use with digital versatile disc (DVD) players, digital television (DTV) players, set-top boxes, and other audiovisual devices. 

Cache memory

Is an access memory that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.